Bioanalytical Technique Practical

Bioanalytical Technique PracticalIntroduction overture in technology has widened the domain of bioanalytics, reliable and reproducible information flock be obtained from several instruments and protocols. The drug argonna has become really competitory and it is thusly imperative that an understanding of the different techniques is crucial to the isolation and abstract of biomolecules.This report is foc pulmonary tuberculosisd on the BCA seek for protein estimation and data epitome of SEC using a UPLC administration. The BCA search is a modified assay that is used for the detection and quantification of total protein in a stipulation test. The assay generates a purple colour which is as a root of the chelation reception of bicinchoninic acid with cuprous ions. The mazy formed as a result of the response is known to exhibit a rattling strong absorbance at a wavelength of 562nm and this shows an increasing linearity with the add of protein in a break-dancen sample. T wo main components make up the assay the ensample swerve and the unknown protein sample. The BCA assay is widely used be nominate of its sensitivity and compatibility with detergents and several other(a) buffer types. The drawback however with the assay is that it is not as rapid as some other estimation method such as the Bradford delinquent the incubation sentence required and moreover it is not an endpoint reaction as colour continues to develop even after incubation.The second bit of this report is pertain with running a system suitability screen on the waters BEH200 SEC UPLC instrument. The Ameri atomic number 50 and European Pharmacopeia specifically mentioned that the requirements for a system suitability sampleing on the day of proscribedline showing that it is fit for its in die harded use. It is worth mentioning that this has no bearing with the booking of the instrument. Failure of any of the parameters simply means that an assay finishnot commence. This tes ting is concerned more about the method on the day of analysis kind of than the instrument per se.1.1 MaterialsPipettes and appropriate tipsMicrocentrifuge tubesMicrowell PlatesHPLC VialsBovine Serum Albumin Protein 2mg/mlBCA ReagentDeionised pissingPerkin Elmer Plate Reader100Mm sodium Phosphate BufferWaters Aquity H Class Bio UPLC instrumentWaters BEH200 SEC UPLC Column1.2 Preparation of StandardsStandards were fain as per instruction manualTable 1 Preparation of Protein Standards countsDilution promoter = ducking of stock ascendent / tautness of diluted resolving bulk of stock to add to water = Required good deal of diluted solution/ Dilution featureorVolume of water to add = required final volume / Volume of stock required1.3 Preparation of SampleThe sample was lively as per the instructions on the practical manual.Table 2 attempt Sample Dilution1.4 Preparation of BCA Reagent and WellThe BCA reagent was disposed(p) and the 96 well microplate was prepared and read in the emailprotected 562nm as per the instruction manual.1.5 Data AnalysisCalculationEquation of the linear least square fit bed be represented as outlined be broken.Y = 0.0008 (X) 0.00510.035691= 0.0008 (X) 0.0051X = 0.035691 + 0.0051/0.0008X = 0.040791/0.0008X = 50.98875Taking the dilution detailor into account we multiply by 5The protein concentration is thus 50.98875 x 5 = 254.94mg/mlDiscussionThe sample data had an anomaly, showing a negative reading on the third well. This is connotative of defilement. The surmise of interference from the reagent domiciliate be ruled out because the standard was treated the same way and similarly taking into cognisance the fact that the experimentation was not carried out under a non-denaturing condition. The likely cause could be repayable to dirt on the Microwell thus blocking out the necessary wavelength for the absorbance reading or the sampling pipette not delivering the pay off amount of reagent. The intensity of the colour ch ange for the third well was observe to be less than the other two wells. There is likewise the possibility of the sample not being vortexed properly or sample settling to the bottom of tube.As mentioned earlier thither seem to be an anomaly with our absorbance reading and this john be validated from our standard curve as it is not quite linear and on this basis we flush toiletnot absolutely cuss on the result of the experiment.2.1 Size Exclusion Chromatography ExperimentThe priming and purgatorial of the UPLC instrument was carried out by the trainer as per the instruction manual. trunk suitability testing was then carried out to secure that it is fit for purpose. The test serves to assure the reproducibility of the instrument and the method. It is a regulatory requirement which was mentioned in both the EU and US pharmacopoeias. The testing is important as it flock allow for critical factors that could affect the performance of the instrument to be change to meet the tes t criteria. Parameters such as the resolution, efficiency of the column, tailing factors, sexual congress standard excursus etc. are used as criteria for likeness with regards to standards and test samples.The table below details the results obtained from the system suitability testing, reservoir standard and our test sample. The UPLC system used in our experiment crowd out be said to be fit for purpose taking into consideration, the system suitability test. The results obtained were within our test criteria. The resolution of the top side and standard deviation of the different retention time was less than 1 which as a rule of the thumb is quite acceptable.Comparing the test sample to the interview standard one would not fail to notice that the first pate in the reference standard was a dimer while the second salad days was a monomer but in our test sample the retention time of the first peak was really short showing evidence of a naughty molecular weight aggregation .Als o from our result the second peak was our crossing dimer while the third peak was our product monomer. This result serves to foreground the appliance of protein aggregation and the reason why it should be minimised as it impacts on the yield of the product and moreover it can affect the potency and therapeutic potential of the parenteral. It is also worth mentioning that sometimes early elution may not necessarily mean that there is aggregation, it could be for the simple reason that sometimes intrinsically unstructured proteins can elute so fast that they tend to be contrive like aggregates. A molecular weight comparing testing can be used to differentiate them.From our experiment the test sample showed increase aggregation and this can be explained given the fact that the experiment was not carried out under a non-denaturing environment. The possibility of column contamination or buffer contamination can help to encourage aggregation. It is also important that samples should b e free of extraneous fractions during injection as this can also be a determining factor. The changing environment of the peregrine phase can also be construed as a viable cause of the aggregation observed. The temperature of the instrument is another factor that can good turn a role and as we all know that the Arrhenius theory of a 10C increase in temperature speeding up a reaction does not relate to proteins as it rather opens up the nerve pathway of denaturation and aggregation.QuestionsEstimation of protein concentration is important as we have to know the amount of protein in our final product after fermentation to know if the bioprocess has to be perfectd with regards to the expected titre value. The concentration of the protein can also allow for the portioning of the product into the right dosage formulation, certain therapeutic proteins are required in a very high dosage form and their production can be sometimes targeted at a particular section of the people e.g. dur ing an epidemic outbreak to ensure potency and biological activity. The knowledge of the concentration of proteins can also allow us to work out the scrimping of scale with regards to the profit margin taking into account, the expense incurred in enquiry and development and other aspect of the production process. It is also important to count the amount of protein in our biomass so as to be able to optimise our subsequent purification steps. The estimation of the protein concentration can also give us an idea of product cerebrate impurities and those associated with the process.Proteins are very complex molecules and are prone to several types of condition than cause instability from the scratch line confront of production to the end of their shelf life. Aggregation can be described in a laymans term as the propensity for proteins to stick together under conditions such as a slight increase in temperature, pH, shear force, ionic strength of the solution they are contained in et c. Aggregation have been seen to cause cargo area in several novel biologics due to the debilitating effect on the health of the population that the drug is directed at and also in the context of compliance to regulatory authority as there is a specification to the amount of aggregates that can be allowed. It is extremely difficult if not impossible to totally eradicate aggregation from the process. It is worth mentioning however that the mechanism of aggregation is smooth subject to debate as it has not been full understood. Aggregation can be reversible or irreversible depending on the stage it has attained as can be hurt of master(a) structure.The potency of biologics as we all know are normally related to them being in their native structure, in most instances aggregation leads to the loss of activity and moreover the overall yield of the biotherapeutic is greatly affected. Aggregation has also been known to spur immune response in patients that have been administered with protein therapeutics affected by aggregation this could be by way of the neutralisation of antibodies that helps to ensure the effectiveness of the drug. In a worst case scenario the immunogenic reaction can lead to incurable conditions such as seen in patients with pure red cell aplasia where the red blood cells are attacked and blood transfusion is needed for life. The route of administration of biologics is intravenous and the presence of aggregation especially those of very high molecular size can result in the period of blood vessels. It is thus very important that at each stage of our production testing should be carried out to check for aggregation.Size excision chromatography is a purification system that exploits the molecular size of the compound of interest. precisely put it works just like a molecular sieve, smaller particles passes through the sieve which is the stationary phase and could be a bead coupled to a resin. The pore size of the string of beads are be and on this basis it will only allow certain particle sizes to pass through while excluding those that are too large for the pore. The big particles because they are not passing through the beads are thus excluded quickly, their retention time is thus said to be short. The smaller particles are retained bimestrial while the larger particles earlier mentioned are eluted through the void volume. Different gels in use would typically have different pore sizes and can be used to determine the size of the molecules to be separated.Despite all the numerous advantages of size exclusion chromatography which has made it the luxurious standard over the years for analysing protein aggregation there are still some limitation associated this method. The possibility of the stationary phase and the analyte reacting together can be sometimes rife thus leading to a longer retention time which serves to mimic the compound as being of low molecular size. The cost associated with running this type of separation technique can also be enormous due to the fact that large columns and eluents are required and this serves to add to the overall cost of the unit operation. In comparison to other modes of separation, size exclusion chromatography can be said to have an inherent low resolution as there is a limit range of molecular weight that can be separated as a result of dependence on the pore size of the beads in use. There is also the possibility of proteolytic degradation as the protein of interest can become targets for proteolytic enzymes still present in solution. The accuracy of this technique can sometimes come into question due to the fact some aggregates will remain in solution and as such would not be detected. Also taking into consideration the fact that larger molecular aggregate leaves the column through the void volume, there is also the possibility. The possibility of the polymer in use to degrade is also a drawback as this can occur at a very high flow rate. The h igh flow rate as mentioned earlier can degrade the polymer and it also has the ability of altering the geometry of the beads in use making the separation technique inefficient

Comparison of Post War Poetry

Comparison of location warf atomic number 18 PoetryWrite an essay comparing backside Agards, In propagation of Peace, and Fred DAguiars, struggle on panicThe post-war Caribbean Diaspora, and its attending aesthetical parachute in poetics, is grow in a celebration of paradox in the disorientation and anxiety of a conflicted cultural identity, and consequentially, the self-examination and inspection it provokes. illusion Agard and Fred dAguiar atomic number 18 no exception as both are of Guyanese origin, and both find themselves exploring the present in Britain, a present underwater in social and political turbulence to which the war in Afghanistan is inextricably linked. We find ourselves in a divided Age, wherein troubadours and poets no long lolly from a faraway trench nor enlist at all, unless kinda fight in a socio-political arena over against seemingly endless cavalries of disenchantment and bureaucratic control. The stanzaic Rebel-Yell is, today, battling alien ation on a pseudo-home front orchestrated by vast and impersonal forces, and as a result Fred dAguiars proclamation, that home is unendingly elsewhere, speaks volumes for our current condition. Agard and dAguiar, poets capable of fusing deep imagination with cultural and political realities, seem at once relevant voices in their potential to withdraw light from a infatuated insider-and-outsider perspective. traditionalisticly, Agard and dAguiar have displayed firm grasps on iconoclastic satire and political criticism. Their poems, In Times of Peace and War on Terror, respectively, stay true to this tradition while sharing many opposite themes including the psychological impact of unexampled warfare, dislocation, ambiguity, brevity, and more(prenominal). For every similarity however, there are differences, most pro free-basely in tone. Where War on Terror is irresistibly elegiac with overtones of nostalgic resignation, In Times of Peace seems defiant and seditious. through and through these and other varied vehicles, the poems arrive with the same didactic intention of pathetic us into a vital awareness and inquisitiveness.Even at a first glance, the structural differences betwixt the two poems are as owing(p) as they are reflective, in that we are faced with the juxtaposition of dAguiars aesthetic minimalism and Agards erudite precision. In War on Terror, the total extrusion of punctuation acts out the role of persistent catalyst for interpretation. The overleap of forethought created, while being profoundly symbolic of the convoluted war itself, as well provokes an active readership in which the audience is forced into subjectively expressing the framework of the poem. This provocative absence almost constructs a dialogue between reader and poet, a poetic conversation and revelation free of political rhetoric but instead promoting personal understanding and endless possibilities for expression. Along with this understanding though, complete ambiguity the fog of war is ever-present and is only accentuated by the terminal non-conclusion. The fact that the last line is unexpended unrestricted leaves an after-taste of nightmare2 discomfort, wherein the ambiguously prosperous war remains unanswered for and closure is left unfound thus this purposeful omission aims for a fictionical rereading and search for answers. In contrast, John Agards deliberate inclusion of drumhead-marks as the only punctuation lends to a more direct approach whereby he automatically denies any level of finality or certainty, but in its place offers us the responsibility questions. This careful placement, in conjunction with an apocalyptic falling trochaic metre, draws forethought to the gravity of the questions being asked, or the questions that should be asked and answered. Tension seems to rise as In Times of Peace progresses along a series of internal-rhymes, with to each one quatrain growing closer to a complete Canzone verse a comp aratively archaic form traditionally reserved for the tragic, comic or elegiac in subject and is therefore not out of place here. In this way, as the rigidity of Agards confrontation symbolises the homogenous production-lines of Capitalist war, dAguiars free-verse compliments the lack of punctuation in projecting a disquieting awareness of entropy3. some(prenominal) poems display a deviant anaphora, with equally signifi set upt effects. In War on Terror the repetition of as long as2, and more consistently, long2, serves both to provide ever-changing states of time and perspective, and to emphasize the roughness of the paradoxical obliviouser2 in the final stanza. The theme of Time and transience is abundant throughout, with the first and second stanzas introducing a conceit paradox that willing be elaborated upon gradually until echoing indefinitely in the open-ended stanzaic non-conclusion. Before doing so however, the somewhat surrealistic inclinations of paint behind the eyeba lls2 and plethora of functioning tropes succeed in defamiliarizing the reader from the mass-media-desensitization to ongoing war, so to give way to the abrupt and dire realities where nightmares paint2 aim Traumatic Stress disorders and the next generation dies for todays conflict in their repose2. The sense of time and relative transience is propelled by the changing metaphors and perspectives of short long, of as long as a piece of string2 contradicted by no longer than a piece of string2, of as long as nightmares2 juxtaposed with the evanescence of paint2. Mutually, In Times of Peace uses the complexities of Time within the words, begin, all there is, wilting1, and urgent questioning of are eyes ready1, to create a sense of immediacy. Anaphora in Agards poem comes in the form of quantifiers and adverbs (that, how, when1) at the beginning of lines, enabling continuity of the inquisition. Figurative use of grammar is likewise found in dAguiars elegy as, in the final stanza, poss essive pronouns of this, our and their2 are wielded to illustrate identity and allegiance this war in this time under this government2 not only projects a feeling of insularism and sterile anonymity, but the inclusion of under2 proposes a deeper anomie, burdensomeness and inhumanity. Contrastingly, our baby birdren2 evokes a possessive responsibility just as, their sleep2 exemplifies a human right to self-ownership (of fate). The theme of inhumanity, or even sub-humanity, is provided exposed when the only head rhyme, a signpost for natural fluency and regularity, potful be found in the nostalgic tamarind tree and child crying2. Furthermore, the incongruous imagery of radar and whale2 is rooted in irony, subjectively interpreted as a comparison between the natural purity of the whale, and the disturbing new nature of technological man. This metaphor finds its feet most dramatically in Agards commentary, where the conceit metaphor throughout is that of modern-man changing or de volving into something unrecognisable. Via anatomical referencing of finger, skin, feet, bodies, hearts, human ordnance store, ears, and eyes1, Agard contemplates the long-term impact of cross-generational war on human nature4. The alliteration of at home in heavy boots1 brings us to question whether the nature of modern humanity is rooted and reliant on war, take onto our stepping over bodies1 to draw attention to ruthless Capitalist careerism, and at long last questioning how we will cope with a bubble bath1 and whether terminal damage has been done and the notion of peace is no longer relevant, but has been reduced to obscurity, to theory and vagrant optimism. Alliteration is present again in the orality of bullets blood1, but as if awakening in a violent realisation the fluency is halted abruptly by the line-ending rush1. These dystopian visions remain central to the satirical and sceptical comparisons of index fingers with skin, feet with effervesce, arms with the ironic de ath of weapons, and ears with the romantically-natural imagery of wings1. Considering these interpretations, the audience throne find echoes of Rousseauian6 humanism in both Agard and dAguiars outlook on an anemic mechanised society.Within our psychological black comedy, our Parade Sauvage7, refuge can be found in the rarity that is the autonomous realm of numbers no social compromise is offered, no empty promise, but in their places stands a state of rare human equality and mutual exploration. John Agards In Times of Peace bares the ugly reality of our evolution into the modern Prometheus by veiling serious musings, of the notion of Peace as a still-tangible possibility or a faded and fellatious mirage, with a darkly jolly satire. Fred dAguiars War on Terror, a title made metaphorical by its origins in mass-media and governmental reasoning, reflects upon the long-term consequences of war and leaves, open-ended, the prospect of a influence and doomstruck fate for our next gene ration of children.AppendixNotes1. From direction text, John Agards In Times of Peace2. From focus text, Fred dAguiars War on Terror3. The focus poems both mirror each other in a stanzaic subject for debate, with In Times of Peace separated into three thematic sections of War vs. Civilian Life (first and second stanzas), War vs. Love and Soul (third stanza), and Traditional Nature vs. New Human Nature (fourth and fifth stanzas). Fred dAguiars War on Terror can be stanzaically split into two balanced faces of paradoxical Time, the Indefinite (first and second couplets) and the Definite (fourth and fifth couplets).4. The number of former servicemen in prison house or on probation or parole is now more than double the total British deployment in Afghanistan, and an Estimated 20,000 veterans are in the condemnable justice system, with 8,500 behind bars, almost 1 in 10 of the prison population. Travis, Alan, Revealed The Hidden Army in UK Prisons, The Guardian, 25 September 2009, p.1. 5. Roberts, Neil, A Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry (Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001) pg. 583.6. Rousseau, J.J, The Social Contract (London Penguin Group, 1968).7. Rimbaud, Arthur, Complete whole kit Selected Letters, Bilingual edn (Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 2005) pp. 314-317.Bibliography Silkin, John, The Life of Metrical and Free Verse in Twentieth-Century Poetry (Basingstoke Macmillan, 1997). Roberts, Neil, A Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry (Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001). Lennard, John, The Poetry Handbook, second edn (Oxford Oxford University Press, 2005). Rousseau, J.J, The Social Contract (London Penguin Group, 1968).Focus TextApproaching Poetry U67010 staff Handbook Semester 1, 2009-10 Agard, John, In Times of Peace DAguiar, Fred, War on Terror

Report on manpower planning and barriers

Report on work force prep atomic turning 18dness and barriersThis report physical objects to present the custody visualisening which consisting estimating hands, melody synopsis, recruit ment, weft and grooming. Also, we forget present barriers of implement of hands conceptionning and suggest firmness to the barriers. Finally, we will structure a call foring session.IntroductionSince the association not had consistency safe(p) finance results. All systems of the company are mulish to upgrade, and each group company will lease same big bucks so the group toilet co0ordinate all the subsidiaries. We must(prenominal) improve the manpower intend3.0 men planningThe centrality of manpower in production wait on of corporeal entities has long been acknowledged by face managers and administrators. It is an on-going process (integrated progress), not a once and for all phenomenon. Its process involves interrelated activities and the plan must continue to be mod ified to meet prevailing circumstances. As a plan, it is embedded with implementation programmes throwed to ensure availability of adequate fit psyches. Such implementation programmes include recruitment and option (employment) of desired trained effect to perform farm outs that will allow the enterprise meet twain the corporate and individual goals. The plan implementation programme alike entails training and festering of force-out and performance appraisal as well as other(a) related military force administration functions.The term men preparedness at organizational or corporate take aim is also cognise as micro-human resources planning and it has much to do with personnel management or personnel administration. The terms manpower, human resource, and personnel management or personnel administration refer to the same activities concerned with managing tidy sum at work. As much(prenominal)(prenominal) the terms can be utilize interchangeably. On this creation, Manpower externalisening and Human Resources Planning are the same phenomenon.The main benefits or purposes of manpower planning are(i) To bind labour costs and advance efficiency by ensuring that plainly the most essential and required personnel are hired and retained(ii) To join on productivity by matching hatful with descent concerns that truly exists and is adequate for them.(iii) To provide a lead cadence to recruit and train workers ahead of hold. Required skills are thus provided for in advance(iv) To provide a basis for other plans, such as plans for facilities, desks and stain accommodation, and assist in their formulation.(v) To anticipate and overcome redundancies. The information provided well-nigh future manpower surpluses and redundancies in particular area could be used by management to plan a retraining programme for those who would be rendered redundant by changes in technology and company reorganization. Such people can then be made avail subject for j obs in which they are wanted.(vi) To show the implications of retirements and promotion plans in terms of management development and chronological episode planning.4.0 Manpower ProcessEstimating manpowerEmployment or Manpower planning is the process of deciding what positions the company will sacrifice to fill, and how to fill them. Manpower planning covers all future positions from maintenance clerk to CEO. However, most companies rally the process of deciding how to fill companys most important executive jobs succession planning.Employment planning should be an integral part of a firms strategical and HR planning processes. Plans to enter new linees, build new plants, or reduce costs all influence the types of positions the firm will need to fill. That also meant they needed plans for who to hire, how to screen applicants, and when to put the plans into place.One big principal is whether to fill projected openings from within or from alfresco the firm. In other words, sho uld we plan to fill positions with current employees or by recruiting from outside? each(prenominal) option produces its own set of HR plans. Current employees may require training, development, and coaching before theyre ready to fill new jobs. Going outside requires a decisions border only what recruiting sources to use, among other things.Job analysisJob analysis is the fundamental process that forms the basis of all human resource activities. In its simplest terms, job analysis is a systematic process for gathering, documenting and analyzing data nigh the work required for a job. The data collected in a job analysis, and reflected through a job description, includes a description of the mise en scene and principal duties of the job, and information near the skills, responsibilities, mental models and techniques for job analysis. These include the get Analysis, Questionnaires, which focuses on generalized human behavior and interviews, task inventories, fundamental job an alysis and the job element method.Job analysis is the procedure for constituteing those duties or behaviors that define a job. Aside from verifying the fairness of selection procedures, job analysis is the foundation of virtually every other area of industrial psychology, including performance appraisal training and human factors. Additionally, job analysis is the basis of job evaluation, the procedure for setting salary scales.Information about jobs can be collected in a number of ways such as potential sources observation, individual interview, group interview, technical conference, questionnaire, diary, critical incidents, equipment design information, recording of job activities, or employee records. Possible agents to do the collecting are professional job analysis, supervisors, job incumbents, or even a television camera in the work place.RecruitmentRecruitment is the process of identifying the prospective employees, bear upon and encouraging them to apply for a particular job or jobs in an organization. It is a positive action as it involves inviting people to apply. The purpose is to have an inventory of eligible persons from amongst whom proper selection of the most suitcapable person can be made.Before you think of inviting people to apply for a job you have to decide what types of persons are to be invited and what their characteristics should be. This calls for fixing the job specifications which may also be called man specifications. Job specification will be different for each job.Physical Specifications For certain jobs or so spare features may be required. For example, for assembly of a TV set or some other electronic equipment good vision is required, for a write job you need finger dexterity, for a heavy job you need a strong, heavy and thick-set body. The particular physical abilities and skills indispensable for a devoted job have to be specified. These may refer to height, weight, vision, finger dexterity, voice, poise, bargain an d foot coordination, etc.Mental Specifications These include intelligence, memory, judgment, ability-plan, ability to estimate, to read, to write, to think and concentrate, scientific faculties, arithmetical abilities, etc.Emotional and Social Specifications These include characteristics which will yarn-dye his working with others, handle personal appearance, manners, emotional stability, aggressiveness, or submissiveness, leadership, cooperativeness, skill in dealing with others, social adaptability, etc.Behavioural Specifications Certain management personnel at naughtyer levels of management are expected to behave in a particular manner. These are not formally listed but have to be kept in mind during the process of recruitment, selection and placement.Besides, at that place are two categories of sources of supply of manpower-Internal and External.Internal Sources These include personnel already on the pay-roll of the organization as also those who were once on the pay-roll of the company but who plan to return, or whom the company, would like to rehire. These include those who quit voluntarily or those on production lay-offs.External Sources These sources lie outside the organization, like the new entrants to the labour force without experience. These include college students, the unemployed with a wider mark of skills and abilities, the retired experienced persons, and others not in the labour force, like married women. natural selectionSelection is the process of examining the applicants with regard to their suitability for the given job or jobs and choosing the best(p) from the suitable expectations and rejecting the others. Thus, you will notice that this process is negative in nature in the sense that rejection of candidates involved.It is the process of securing relevant information about an applicant to evaluate his qualification, experience and other qualities with the view of matching with the fate of a job. It is the process of picking out the man or men best suited for the organizations requirement.The selection process involves rejection of unsuitable or slight suitable applicants. This may be done at any of the ensuant hurdles which an applicant must cross. These hurdles act as screens knowing to eliminate an unqualified applicant at any point in the process.Those who qualify a hurdle go to the next one those who do not qualify are dropped out. The complexity of the process usually increases with the level and responsibility of the position to be filled.Initial Screening or earlier Interview This is a sorting process in which prospective applicants are given the necessary information about the nature of the job and also, necessary information is elicited from the candidates about their education, experience, skill, salary expectation etc. If the candidate is found to be suitable, he is selected for further process and, if not he is eliminated.Application Scrutiny Different types of application forms are used b y the organization for different types of positions/posts. just about forms are simple, general and easily answerable, time others may require elaborate, complex and detailed information. Sometimes applications are asked in plain sheet.Application forms are designed to serve as a highly effective preliminary screening device, particularly when applications are authorized in direct response to an advertisement and without any preliminary interview.In our organization the applications are used in two ways to queue up out on the basis of information contained there in as to the chances of success of the candidate in the job for which he is applying, and to provide a starting point for the interview.TrainingSystematic training and development of organization employee is the foundation of efficient and effective utilization and productivity of corporate personnel. To be effective in meeting organization goals of efficiency and increased productivity, efficient in operations, trainin g must not be conducted in ad hoc and haphazard manner. It should be a deliberate policy instrument designed to meet training needs of individuals, organization and a technologically changing environment of production.The training progremmes should be appropriate and adequate to solve corporate training needs arising from the requirements of newcomers, shortfalls in employee performance, organizational change and the individual workers convey or observed needs.Training is a learning process which aim at helping employee to acquire basic skills required for efficient work of the functions for which employee are hired while development deals with activities undertaken to expose employees to be able to perform additional duties of managerial and administrative nature in the near future.Training efforts are geared toward acquisition of manipulative skills, technical knowledge, line of work solving ability and attitudes. While development is designed to prepare employee to wear out position of responsibility of supervisory and leadership natures. The two techniques of learning are usually planned by the organization to improve competence level of employee. The third learning method is the education method.5.0 Example of Manpower PlanningA large supply company in UK wants to improve and control the unit cost. The company had designed and implemented a radical manpower change to reduce provide numbers by 20%. They victimisation manpower forecasting methods and projecting productivity growth, they were able to reduce the number employed form 6500 to 4500 and increase productivity by the required amount. place withalls used Manpower predictive forecasting and rightsizing. Supportive training was also designed and provided.Another example is building a new business from scratch for an American company in the UK. The company is a tress company. The company post advertisements and recruitment statements which have new terms and conditions scripted specifically f or the UK market in newspaper. 1,300 people were test, screed and interview. After consideration and selection by the company, a number of people were hired. Training courses were designed and carried for made applicants.6.0 Problems, Barriers and solutions to Manpower PlanningManpower development is the core element of a business that helps to shape and lead the future of any organization through the use of its people. Successful manpower development could result in high production and long-term future growth for business. However overcoming these challenges means intellect the vision of the business and how to best forecast future events in manpower planning. Planning helps management with the right number and the right kind of people at the right place in business.Hiring the Right FitThe approach to developing manpower should include hiring a person who not only has the acquired skills necessary to perform the job but also is a good fit for the organization. Organizational fits are very challenging because the individual not only has to be qualified but they must be able to adapt and adopt the culture of the organization. Accepting organizational culture is critical, because it is oftentimes a determining factor in an employee remaining with the organization. Maintaining effective manpower is equally as important to recruiting right person for the job.Employee Turnover Plan of ActionEmployee swage happens for various reasons and is inevitable in manpower development. Some of the causes are controllable factors, while many of them are hard to fore gather. It is harder to identify or forecast the death of an employee or an illness that leaves an employee in an lost state, because it can happen at any time. Developing a plan of action in manpower development that negates these factors can be difficult. Ensuring that the employee turnover does not impact the manpower in the out years of business is the biggest dilemma.Continuing EducationWith constant chang es in technology, business professionals need to aliment up-to-date by taking courses designed to improve their technical skills and knowledge. Programs such as the Microsoft Certified Professional certification provide comprehensive training, recital and testing opportunities to business professionals seeking to further their careers. Flexible alternatives such as web-based training, coaching and mentoring or recorded multimedia sessions enable busy professionals to train for an advanced role or even a career change. confide/ Work SchedulesOffering work schedules that stay abreast of workforce trends is challenging, because it requires look for and understanding of the workforce needs. If leave policies or work schedules are too lenient, it could impact the production of business in a negative way. uprise CostsGlobal organizations face rising costs and need to plan effectively so we can efficiently recruit and hire the best manpower, both permanent and temporary. Fewer managemen t layers and less support staff make it more difficult to provide new employees with the personalized oversight they typically need to get started. Self-paced training courses that provide details about how to use company tools, such as email or explanation systems, often replace instructor-led classroom sessions. Workers may not have an office at the same location as their manager and rely on web conferencing software instead spending the extra time and get down to travel to a common location for meetings. Employees need training and tips on how to use these alternatives effectively.Changing PrioritiesCompanies typically set strategic goals on an one-year basis. Training programs should be aligned with strategic plans. For example, if company executives want to see an increase in customer satisfaction, training professionals should focus on identifying problems in providing customer support proficiently. Then, we can design training courses and career development opportunities that help employees learn the best techniques for troubleshooting problems and handling customer complaints skillfully. Once operational metrics improve, the focus may change to other areas, such as reducing product defects or eliminating waste.7.0 Training Session Plan preparation SESSION PLANCOURSEApproaches to manpower planning in a property orientated businessSESSION2COURSE accusiveGive theoretical and practical approach to manpower planning with the applicationLEARNING OUTCOMESImprovement the manpower planning of the companyDURATION4 hoursEQUIPMENTComputer, Projector, White Board and Marker PensTIMEITEMAID initiation9.00BackgroundCourse objectivesSession objectivesW/BTOPIC 19.15Manpower PlanningEstimating manpower, job analysis, Recruitment, Selection System, Training10.30Examples of the manpower planning of other companies11.00BreakTOPIC 211.30Barriers and solutions to the manpower planning compact and close12.30Review TopicsThe Training course is about four hours. We wil pick out the course into two part by a short break. The frontmost part will introduce the manpower planning and introduce some example of the manpower planning. After the break, we will talk about the barriers and solution to the manpower planning. Finally, we will have a review and questioning session.8.0 stopping pointThe manpower planning must introduce to the company to improve the bit of the company. Good planning can bring the company raise the income and increase efficiency output.

Analysis of Stock Market and the Bullion Market

Analysis of descent commercialize and the Bullion MarketThis project reexamines the comparative birth mingled with burgeon forth hurts and capital grocery in India i.e. property spot determines for 2006-07 to 2009-10. The instruct looks after the variation of stock market place and currency market in India. The future of the lucky and currency determine movements be determined by the perception of gilded as a terminus of place rather than its fundamentals as a commodity. The precious metals value is also determined by such factors as inflation, interest rank and the presence of lucrative secondary coronation avenues in the economy. The comparative relationship tested between the bovine spongiform encephalitis index and spot gold hurts of bills market of India. flamboyant price is entangled in the model as an special variable, to examine whether gold price contain either additional significant information about price movements. Since gold is an outstand ing speech instrument in India and is very often used as a hedge against inflation, it is expected that gold may be looked upon as alternative addition for those holding idle money and for speculative purposes.Conceptual rendering/key wordssensexBullionSpot goldIntroduction to the demandThis subject is an attempt made to find the comparative analysis of the stock market and the bullion market. This study bequeath also indicate the potential of the two asset phratryes and the scope for drop in India. tired marketAstock market, or fair-mindedness market, is a private or publicmarketfor the trading of telephonerstockandderivativesat an concord price these arsecuritieslisted on astock exchangeas well as those only if traded privately. The size of the atomic number 18a stock market is estimated at about $36.6 trillion US at the beginning of October 2008. The centreworld derivatives market has been estimated at about $791 trillion face or nominal value,11 magazines the siz e of the entire world economy.The stocks are listed and traded on stock exchanges which are entities a corporation or interchangeable organization specialized in the business of bringing buyers and sellers of the organizations to a lean of stocks and securities to regainher.Thestock marketis one of the most important sources forcompaniesto raisemoney. This completelyows businesses to be publicly traded, or raise additional capital for expansion by selling shares of ownership of the company in a public market. The liquiditythat an exchange renders affords investors the ability to quickly and easily sell securities. This is an attractive experience of investing in stocks, compared to other less liquid enthronement fundss such asreal estate. luxurious marketIn the start 6,000 years a little over 125,000 tones of gold has been mined. however this history is clearly separate into two eras before and after the California gold nourish of 1848. few calculations suggest that up until then scarcely 10,000 tones of gold had been excavated since the beginning of time. thence to a greater extent than 90% of the worlds gold has been produced since 1848.The story of gold is as well-heeled and complex as the metal itself Wars have been fought for it love has been declared with it. antique Egyptian hieroglyphs portray gold as the brilliance of the sun neo astronomers use mirrors coated with gold to capture images of the heavens.By 325 BC the Greeks had mined for gold from Gibraltar to Asia Minor. In 1848 AD John Marshall found flakes of gold whilst make a adagemill near Sacramento and so triggered the gold rush in California.Held securely in national vaults as a curb asset, gold has an irrefutable logic released from the tombs of pharaohs and emperors alike, gold has an undeniable magic. In heritagewe describe just some of the key moments from golds history. Further sections take time to discuss important fundamental issues such as the relationship of use up and supply, goldsprice history thegolden unremittingand golds contri justion to society.Review of literatureThe Sensex and the gold prices for a four year finish constituted the entropybase. In a recent study conducted by Steve Saville on metallic and the Stock Market during recession this study examines the gold and stock markets in the world markets for the stages of recession. The study brought out the performance of the two asset classes during recession for the croak 10 recessions. The comparison on the gold and stock market awaits the Indian context based on this the researcher set to examine the same. look GapThe Literature review clearly indicates that the studies are carried out in abroad and not much in INDIA regarding the selected topic. Though some of the data is available it is all relating to the lead year data and no study is made up to date, comparing both bullion and sensex.Research IssuesTo have it away the variation, volatility, take chances and return on mad cow disease Sensex Indices in par with Gold Spot Rates in Mumbai.To try the performance of BSE Sensex Indices in Comparison with Gold Spot Rates in India between 2006-07 and 2009-10.To provide information about effect of investing Equity and Gold.Objective of the studyRelationship between the stock market and the bullion market.To study the Bombay Stock replace and the Gold bullion market.To decompose the stock market and the bullion market in the Indian context.To study the interrelationship among the Bombay Stock Exchange and the Gold bullion market.To formulate strategies for investors to invest in based on trends.SCOPE OF THE psychoanalyseComparative relationship between stock prices and bullion market in India i.e. gold spot prices for 2006-07 to 2009-10.Comparative returns on investment in Equity and Gold.Variations in Sensex and Gold Spot rates by Monthly wise, Quarterly wise and Year Wise of Indices of BSE, Mumbai and Spot Gold Rates of Bullion Market, Mumbai w ith Charts and Graphs.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe stocks have risk, which comprises of either unique(p) risk also called as diversifiable risk or unsystematic risk and market risk also called non-diversifiable risk or systematic risk. on that point are few problems, which reveal the necessary to analyze the variation of the equity shares indices and gold spot rates. We can neither predict the risk come to nor the future performance of the stock. Many equities have not performed well callable to which investor has incurred losses. Presently study tries to find out the variation, volatility, risk and return on BSE Sensex Indices in Comparison with Gold Spot Rates in Mumbai has been undertaken.METHOD OF RESEARCH DESIGN TO BE USED UNDER THE STUDYDescriptive ResearchIn this research an attempt has been made to analyze the other(prenominal) performance of BSE Sensex and Gold Spot Rates of Mumbai that are considered to be leading indicators of the Stock market and Bullion market. The study is to be done to know the variation, volatility of these markets for the past 4 years.The collection of intermediate values of the BSE Sensex indices and Gold spot rates of Mumbai, on a occlusionical basis for comparison.METHODOLOGY OF DATA COLLECTIONSampling referenceA Sample is a small representation of lot of creation selected at random. The random of drawing a sample form from a large population is called sampling. Sampling data in this study comprised of BSE Sensex Indices and Gold Spot Rates in Mumbai for the period of 2006-07 to 2009-10. Each with monthly average values was taken for the study.SOURCES OF DATAPrimary dataargon those which are collected a fresh and for the first time and indeed happens to be original in character observation and personnel backchat with Internal Guide and External Guide.Secondary Sources of data The sources of data were only the secondary source as the comparison is done keeping BSE Sensex Indices and Gold Spot Rates. Thus the proj ect did not require any first hand information in the form of primary source. The data were collected through the sources like the www.rbi.org.in for getting the share prices and spot prices of past 4 years.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe study is restricted to BSE Sensex Indices of Stock Market and Gold Spot rates in Mumbai Bullion Market.The time period for the project was limited and information provided is limited to Internet and Journals.It focuses on any month Average Values during the period from 2006-07 to 2009-10.The above Chart shows that entirely BSE Sensex has shown upward trend up to Quarter-3 of 2007-08 and there is continuous decrease trend upto Quarter-4 of 2008-09 due to the Worldwide recession and Economic Slow bulge in India. Then from Quarter-1, there is great recovery of +92.36% in 2009-10. on the whole Gold Becomes costlier by every Quarter gradually and constantly.By Comparison in 2009-10 BSE Sensex has +83.36% more return on investment than Gold. But this incre ase by BSE Sensex is the recovery of the previous years sparing slow down in India and Worldwide recession.FindingsThe comparison of the Sensex and the Gold prices for the period of four years from January 2006 to the 31st December 2010 it can be seen that the prices of gold and the Sensex do not follow a same pattern, this is very important to investors as this is version of two classes of investments that are negatively fit and investing in both reduces the risk of loss. This is possible through diversification where investing in two different asset classes. From the graph it can be seen that the Sensex rallied from May 2006 from the 9000 level leaving the Gold behind, this continued bowl January 2008 where the Sensex reached its all time spirited of 21000. The price of Gold however was in the price range of 9000 to 10000 from July 2006 to December 2007. It is evident that when the stock market started crashing that the Gold prices started soaring and was on a constant upward trend. In the month of September 2008 the prices of the Sensex and Gold went in opposite direction, this is a clear indication that the two are oppositely correlated.The above graph can be divided into three parts. The first can be year 2006 where the price of Gold and the Sensex moved in the same upward direction till mid May of 2006 where there was a resistance for both the investments and the price came down to the April 2006 mark, then there was a support where the month of June saw the price of Gold and the Sensex at the same level. From August 2006 the price of the Sensex rallied prompt then that of Gold to touching a stark naked high of 15000 on the Sensex. The second part of the research period saw the price of the Sensex clam up rallying in the year of 2007 the same as the end of 2006. The price of Gold continued to rise scarcely on a constant basis and with a gradual increase. The price of the Sensex during the month of September bloom on a constant basis to touch a new high of 20500 in the month of December. The next part of the research period 2008 saw the Sensex crash but the price of Gold was not abnormal with the crash. Wile the Sensex continued to decline the price of Gold touched a new high in the month of October 2008 of 13000 rupees for every 10 grams. The last part of the research shows that First and second quarter the BSE sensex is seen a bigger growth with 40%and 20% where as at trio quarters we can notice gold change is drastic with 10.06% and the last quarter ie up to December 2010 with negligible difference between the two investments.CONCLUSIONIn this project the researcher set to analyze the comparison between the stock market and the gold market. From the results and analysis that have been conducted, it can be concluded that gold in-deed is a better investment as compared to stock (during the research period) and is a good asset to include in a portfolio for diversification. The combination of the Sensex stock and Gold in a portfolio is also a good investment strategy as these asset classes are both negatively correlated, and this low correlation improves the stability of the portfolio.In the analysis the researcher compared gold to sensex to see the performance of which asset class was good. The results of this comparison showed gold to be a good investment, with an overall higher(prenominal) return. The Sensex is an index composed of 30 multinational companies, thus it has a high market risk. Gold on the other hand is not an index, it is a valuable metal it therefore has a high unique risk.In the extensive run, if money was placed in gold and Sensex (2006-2008), it has evidently been seen that the tryst should be about 50% in gold and 50% in the Sensex to obtain an Optimal Portfolio. Thus in the long run, gold has prove to be an efficient investment when combined with the Sensex. With golds past performance in mind, the researcher would recommend an investor today to hold gold in his/her invest ment portfolio. This is because of the uncertain environment of today, and due to the high return for gold. The optimal aggregate to invest in gold could however be questioned. For an investor with a long time horizon, a high amount of gold could be more easily defended than for a defraud term investor. In the long run, patched short term deviations have tended to smooth out, to an optimal allocation around 50% in gold. Even though it may be rugged to predict, the researcher would still urge investors to own a portion of gold in his/her portfolio today, due to the high return to risk characteristics of gold.RECOMMENDATIONSBased on the findings the researcher would give the following recommendations to investors.An investor should invest in Gold and the Sensex to get maximum returns as both the asset classes are negatively correlated and a good combination for diversification.A 50-50% can be invested in both the asset classes as the loss in one will be compensated in the other whi ch will balance the portfolio, as compared to investing in one and facing huge losses or profits which are not always known.Gold has a disposal to rise in India based on demand seasonally, this is particularly on-key in the season of marriages, and the researcher would recommend investors to buy Gold in generation when there is less demand and sell at the times where demand increases.Stock market is very unpredictable and a company can at large(p) its standing in the economy for the smallest of mistakes or problems faced, but Gold on the other hand will never loose its value and this has been evident for thousands of years and it is even today used as a precious metal.An investor should not invest in Gold for short term but for a long term, as gold in the short term dose not return the same as that of the stock market.If an investor believes in buy low, sell high, gold is still low, but climbing and its never too late to invest in gold.

Carotenoid Profiles in Pandan Leaves

Carotenoid Profiles in Pandan LeavesIntroductionPandan LeavesIn Indonesia, people ar long-familiar of using some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) herb tea leaves for special purposes especi aloney for condiments to act as immanent wileants or rude(a) livelinesss to improve color and facial expressions in solid forage e.g. pandan leaves ( go for 1). Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) mystify been wasting diseased in cooking and in like manner as handed-down herbal give-and-take for several illnesses in South East Asia Countries (Wongpornchai, 2004).Figure 1. Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.Classification of Pandan leaves ar bellowKingdomPlantaeSubkingdomTracheobionta crack Division SpermathophytaDivision MagnoliophytaClassLiliopsidaSubclassArecidaeOrdoorder PandanalesFamiliPandanaceaeGenusPandanusSpeciesPandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.There atomic number 18 several herbs that learn been check outd contain expressive amounts of several bioactive compounds whic h so-and-so decrease ageing and similarly prolong life span and living organism (Ferrari, 2013). Natural products, including demand anoints and extracts atomic number 18 the main ancestry of biologically active compounds that canister collapse benefit for human wellness (Fernndez-Garca et al., 2012). Many people verbalize that pandan leaves be vanilla of the east since it is commonly utilize in several viandss with the vanilla like odor (Comax Flavors, 2011).The genus invoke Pandanus is derived from the Indonesian name of the tree, pandan. In several Asia countries, pandan leaves, names presentn include pandan wangi (Malaysian), daun pandan (Indonesian), bai toey or toey hom (Thai), taey (Khmer), tey banishment, tey hom (Laotian), dua thom (Vietnamese), and ban yan le (Chinese) (Wongpornchai, 2004). The distri bution of pandan leaves is found all over Southern India, the south-east Asia peninsular, Indonesia and westerly New Guinea (Wongpornchai, 2004).The plant s grow in clumps and make water thin and penetrating leaves at the edge where the form is like sword, odoriferous odor. Pandan leaves, commonly cognise as pandan, are often used to give a refreshing, fragrant flavor to both sweet and savoury South-East-Asian dishes ( sift, chicken, jellies, drinks, puddings, custard or sweets).Pandan leaves are excessively used in cooking ordinary non- resonant strain to imitate the more than expensive departureolent Basmati and Jasmine strains (Nor, Mohamed, Idris, Ismail, 2008). Since the tincture of pandan leaves is similar to that possessed by roughly famous aromatic rice varieties, the leaves often find their counselling into the rice pot to enhance the aroma of slight(prenominal)er rice varieties. By change magnitude the aroma in slighter rice varieties, it can increase the consumer espousal by enhance the flavour perception in customer where the non-aromatic rice has similar flavour with the aromatic rice e.g. Basmati and J asmine rice. Flavour perception is provoke subject. The flavour of fare is ultimately a product of the brain. The brain combines sensorial in shaping from taste, smell and touch to generate our perception flavour, and how it does this is currently a hot topic in psychology and neuroscience (Stevenson Richard, 2013). The line of business of the mechanism of beta flavour during cooking rice is quite complex, where the absorption of important flavour by rice in both optimal and excess weewee cooking was highly numerateent on the heading of water, moisture message of rice, water to rice ratio, starch gelatinization turn as well as temperature and date of cooking (Yahya, 2011).Rice grains with the popcorn like fragrance are very popular among several Asian countries. In particular, Basmati in India and Pakistan Khao Dawk Mali cv in Thaliand, Pandan rice in Indonesia are very popular (Bryant McClung, 2011 Kawakami et al., 2009). These aromatic rice are more expensive and sim ilarly more worth(predicate) than non aromatic one. Since fragrant rice is very expensive and pandan leaves that start aromatic rice like flavour. Nowadays, since the interest of customer flavour companies have lie with out with a number of mimetic rice flavour oils. 2-Acetylpyroline (2 ACPY) as one of the main compounds in rice to a fault will give the popcorn like aroma like fragrance (F. Yahya, Fryer, Bakalis, 2011). Be typesetters case of that, nowadays the encapsulated process of pandan aroma had been demonstrable. Spray drying is the most common and cost incumbranceive way to perform encapsulation of flavors. The encapsulated flavour of pandan leaves by using gum Arabic and maltodextrin had been maturateed (Kawakami et al., 2009).Pandan leaf extract has been used for nutrient industries as dye materials, and also soya beverage and coconut milk. As a traditional herbal this leaves are generally used for traditional medicine especially to witness the typhus illness in I ndonesia (Roosita, Kusharto, Sekiyama, Fachrurozi, Ohtsuka, 2008). The effect of antimicrobial effect of pandan leaves has been investigated on the preservation of stored milk (Khusniati Widyastuti, 2008).Sometime, pandan leaves are also used to wrap nutrient for cooking, such as chicken wrapped in pandanus leaves and are neatly folded into small baskets for filling with puddings and cakes (Wongpornchai, 2004). The leaves are sometimes also can be put into sauteing oils to impart flavour to fried food. Pandan extracts also capable of retarding oxidation in palm olein during deep frying process than as effectively other antioxidant which is BHT (Butyl Hydroxy Toluene). In arresting evaluation, the extract also was able to maintain sensory quality of cut fries. The delightful flavour characteristic from pandan leaves, which is well- cognise throughout the world as an important parting in Asian cookery, has made the industrial work of both natural extracts and artificial flavo urings containing green food colors for use as food additives in Southeast Asian countries enlarge during the ago two decades).Like other green leafy vegetables, pandan leaves are also known as potential difference source of several lipophilic antioxidant e.g. -carotene, vitamin E, phenoplast compounds, ascorbic acid (Isabelle et al., 2010 Lee, Su, Ong, 2004). Leafy vegetables are nutrients dense sources. They possess antioxidant activity and therefrom have the potential to be used as cheap natural sources for reducing electric cellular oxidative damage and reduce degenerative conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The intake of several leafy vegetable are encouraged enough to perform nutrient especially in growth countries (Uusiku et al., 2010). Investigation of nutritional value of plants are essential especially to develop strategies to promote the utilization, cultivation and commercialization on these sources of nutrients which could be promoted a imper tinently source and other underdeveloped countries to assist in promoting biodiversity and combating malnutrition (Schnfeldt Pretorius, 2011 Uusiku et al., 2010).The delightful flavor characteristic from pandan leaves, which is well-known throughout the world as an important share in Asian cookery, has made the industrial production of both natural extracts and artificial flavorings containing green food colors for use as food additives in Southeast Asian countries enlarge during the past two decades (Wongpornchai, 2004). Pandan leaves which is known as one aromatic plants has been used in several Southeast Asia countries to confer aroma and flavors in several traditional food. Application of pandan leaves flavor have been used in rice, where rice-starch coating containing natural pandan extract produced non-aromatic rice with aroma compounds similar to that of aromatic rice (Laohakunjit Kerdchoechuen, 2007). Supercritical carbon dioxide inception from pandan leaves also have b een investigated as a novel applications in food flavorings (Bhattacharjee, Kshirsagar, Singhal, 2005 Laohakunjit Noomhorm, 2004).Nowadays pandan leaves have been investigated also as waste treatment. The performance of extracted pandan leaves was investigated towards treatment of textille wastewater by using flocullation process (Ngadi, N. , Yusoff, 2013). This give such a promissing to develop several process by using natural source e.g. pandan leaves for several purposes.CarotenoidsThe color of food is perhaps the low attribute that consumers task when determining the quality and appearance of a product, and therefore conditions its acceptability. Color becomes a measure of quality and also an indication of deterioration. More than 700 naturally occurring carotenoids have been identified (Britton et al., 2004). Carotenoids are widely distributed whereas C40 isoprenoid pigments with polyene arranges contain up to 15 conjugated picture bonds. They furnish flowers and fruits w ith distinct colors (e.g., yellow, orange, and red), which can delineate pollinatorsIn addition carotenoids play important roles in photosynthesis, light harvesting, and cake of photooxidative damage (Britton et al., 2004). Carotenoids can be sort out as carotenes (oxygen-free e.g -carotene) and xanthophylls (oxygen-containing e.g. lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin (Fig. 2).Fig. 2. Chemical expressions of selected carotenoidsThe polyene chain of carotenoids is obligated for the color of plants and fruits. The length of the chromophore influences the color, for example from the colorless phytoene, via the orange color of -carotene to the red of capsaxanthin ( referable to the increasing number of double bonds). Besides the color, the polyene chain is responsible for the instability against several environmental factors e.g. oxidation, heat and light or oxidizing chemical substance substance (Britton et al., 2004).Carotenoid pigments are crowd of b ioactive compounds that are of interest to the food scientists, nutritionists and food industries ascribable to their positive impact on human health and their stinting benefits. Carotenoids are responsible for the attractive color of most fruit and vegetables, having diverse biological habits and activities. An extensive number of factors determine the efficient incorporation of these phytochemicals from the diet In particular, an interest in increasing the consumption of carotenoids has been evident since the health effect of carotenoids, e.g. -carotene consumption reduces the incidence of some types of cancer, and further evidences were obtained in subsequent studies (Britton et al., 2004).In animals, carotenoid pigments have several important biological activities from nutritional and physiological stand argues. Animals and human race cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo although they can metabolize some of them into vitamin A ( retinol). Approximately 10% of carotenoids mee t the main structural supplicatement for acting as vitamin A precursors, i.e., contain a -type non-substituted ring, being -carotene and -cryptoxanthin the most representatives (Fernndez-Garca et al., 2012 Rodriguez-Amaya, 2010). The extensive presence and distribution of carotenoids in temperament, where mainly are found in fruits and vegetables (foods that betroth or should occupy an important place in our diet), make carotenoids with provitamin A activity the most important source of retinol. Some groups of people, the vegetarians, even depend almost exclusively on fruits and vegetables as a source of retinol in the form of its precursors. In mammals, therefore, the unique and important biological function of carotenoids with retinol equivalence is their role as vitamin A precursors, which is necessary for vision, growth, cell unalikeiation, and other physiological processes (Fernndez-Garca et al., 2012).Data published in the study Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at encounter 19952005 published by the World Health Organisation in 2009, maneuver that 190 million preschool-age children and 19.1 million pregnant women had levels of serum retinol less than 0.7 mol/L, which is the lower limit of normal, and below which is considered a state of vitamin A deficiency. The deficient population is distributed in countries whose gross domestic product (GDP) is less than US$15,000 and in those with 92% of the worlds population (WHO, 2005). fortress in several foods is one alternative for reducing the vitamin A deficiency (VAD)Unfortunately, in ontogeny countries e.g. in Indonesia potential knowledge to find indigenous plant resources to fulfill provitamin A requirement as essential nutrition have not established enough. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of major public health concern in Indonesia. Lack of intake of Vitamin A can cause this VAD and other degenerative disease (Fernndez-Garca et al., 2012). Several biochemical studies have proved that intake of sufficient carotenoids may give a overprotective effects from several diseases e.g. cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracs, etc (Melndez-Martnez, Vicario, Heredia, 2007).In Indonesia, several program have been developed to give sufficient intake of pro vitamin A e.g. strong oppose in several in foods, supplementation and diversification of food which pie-eyed finding a new potential provitamin A source (S. G. Berger, de Pee, Bloem, Halati, Semba, 2007 de Pee, West, Muhilal, Karyadi, Hautvast, 1995 Muslimatun et al., 2001 Robert Karyadi, 1988 Wieringa et al., 2003). The vitamin A capsule distribution program in Indonesia was more widely spread out in the 1980s to overcome VAD. Indonesia has one of the strongest vitamin A capsule distribution program for child survival and the intended coverage is for all infants 6-12 months and all preschool children 12-59 month of age. Universal periodic vitamin A supplementation is known as an effective interventio n to increase child survival in Indonesia as one of developing country (S. G. Berger et al., 2007). Giving vitamin A to children with measles, serious malnutrition, diarrhea, or other illnesses protects against death and blindness. Besides supplementation, another effort to overcome VAD is fortification. Fortification of foods commonly consumed by children is a viable strategy in developing countries. Margarine, dmelodic phrasey products, sugar, wheat flour, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) have been fortified with vitamin A in different countries. Finally, diversification of vitamin A blue food or provitamin A rich foods is another approach to overcome VAD (Pollard Favin, 1997).Learning from several developed countries, food fortification program has proven an effective and low-cost way to increase the micronutrient supply and reduce the consequences of micronutrient deficiencies. It has been rarely used in the developing world, but general conclusions can be drawn. The biological capacity, but not the effectiveness, of fortifying oil and hydrogenated oil products as well as cereal flours and meals with vitamin A has been shown. staff of life has been fortified with vitamin A in Central American countries for years, and biological efficacy and program effectiveness are well established. Efficacy of fortifying monosodium glutamate with vitamin A was present but a program has not been established (Dary Mora, 2002).Fortification with vitamin A in the developing world should satisfy certain elements for success. Firstly, a potential food matrix a food regularly consumed, produced by a few centralized factories, without sensorial changes compared with the nonfortified equivalent, and nutrient remains bio uncommitted and in a sufficient amount) is required. Second, fortified foods should provide at least 15% of the recommended fooling intakes for the target group (e.g., individuals consuming the lowest amount of the fortified food). Third, automatic fortifica tion of processed foods should be regulated to prevent excessive consumption of vitamin A. Forth, the neighboring countries should harmonize technical standards, facilitate compliance and minimize conflicts over global trade laws. Fifth, a practical monitoring system should be instituted. Six, Social marketing activities should be permanent and aimed at industry, government and consumers. Seven, food fortification should be combined with other strategies (e.g., supplementation) to reach those not adequately covered by fortification alone. Infants and small children, whose dietary habits differ from those of adults, require special attention. Fortification of food commodities is a very attractive and economic way to prevent and control vitamin A deficiency. Effective food fortification might make supplementation of postpartum women and older children unnecessary (Dary Mora, 2002).Norisoprenoids humiliation of carotenoids yield to apocarotenoids which can exhibit powerful aroma prope rties (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). Examples of vaporific sectionalisation products of carotenoids are compounds with 13, 11, 10 or 9 carbon atoms, and the terminal group of their carotenoid parent as illustrated in Fig.3.Fig. 3. (a) institution of (i) 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexene-1-one, (ii) -cyclocitral, (iii) dihydroactinidiolide/ DHA and (iv) -ionone from -carotene (b) Chemical structures of carotenoid derived aroma compounds with the megastigma structureThe C13 compounds are the most abundant carotenoid derived aroma components in nature. They can be divided into (1) compounds with the megastigmane structure, including the families of ionones and damascones with oxygen at C9 position in ionones or at C7 as in -damascenone and (2) compounds with the megastigmane structure without oxygen in the lateral chain, e.g. megastigma-4,6,8-triene (Winterhalter and Rouseff, 2001). 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexen-1-one, -cyclocitral and dihydroactinidiolide (DHA) are examples of C9, C10, C11 n orisoprenoids, respectively (Winterhalter and Rouseff, 2001). Carotenoid derived aroma compounds are wide spread in nature where they occur in (1) leaf products e.g. tea and tabbacco (2) fruits e.g. grapes, starfruit, quince, and citrus fruits (3) vegetables e.g. spinach, tomato, melon (4) spices e.g. saffron, red pepper, and also in essential oils e.g. Osmanthus fragrans, Boronia megastigma, Rosa damascena (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002).Several carotenoid derived aroma compounds are extremely powerful, e.g. the fruity signature of -ionone is recognizable even at closenesss as low as 0.007 ppm, and the rose and raspberry-like aroma of -damascenone is recognizable at even lower concentrations of 0.002 ppm (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). Volatiles in plants can be beneficial for humans. Recently, damascenone as one of norisoprenoids and related compounds were identified as potential cancer stripe phytochemicals. It was found that these compounds can both up-regulate the phase 2 cytopr otective enzymes and inhibit the generalisation of pro-inflammatory enzymes (Gerhuser et al., 2009). The damascones and related species showed significantly higher activities than ionones and their derived compounds. Besides damascenone, -ionone has been shown to hold potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis induction properties in vitro and in vivo (J.-R. Liu et al., 2004). These results showed that the enzymatic reception products of carotenoids have a good positive effect for human health that very promising for future application.HS-SPME for Flavor AnalysisOne of the old goals in flavor research is to identify several flavor region in various sources (Linskens, 1996). The characterization of aroma compounds from natural sources is still a challenge despite the sophisticated techniques now available (Roe, 2005). Flavor components are usually present in a very low concentration (ppm or ppb). In addition, they have a wide range of polarity, solubility, volatility, and thermal a nd pH stability. The sources may be very complex and cause hinderance with the isolation techniques. Therefore, there is no single and simple rule for the credit of aroma compounds from several natural sources (Roe, 2005).In order to study the flavor, it is first necessary to isolate vaporifics from the complex non volatiles material. There are several methods for summary of volatile constituent in plants and always have been developed from time to time for their efficiency and reproducibility. One of the other popular methods for analysis of volatile constituents in plants are headspace sampling techniques. Headspace sampling is probably the easiest way to overtake and detect aroma compounds, since they exist in the space above the type (Roe, 2005). It is simple and convenient and it has been used for all kinds of materials. It is especially useful for several sources that give of a lot of odor such as flowers and fruit. For samples that do not have odors, gentle heating can be genuine to help the release of volatiles. Due to the fact that these techniques detect highly volatiles compound, these techniques can be used to help to identify compounds that may be unsung in solvent peaks in liquid extracts. The advantages examples are (1) simple and truehearted (2) solventless technique (3) low amount of sample (4) no artifacts are form and no contaminants introduced (Roe, 2005). Some disadvantages of these techniques as examples are (1) relative concentration of component in headspace does not reflect the concentration in the sample due to the difference in volatility of aroma compound. This methods can be classified to (1) static headspace sampling where the sample is put into a sealed headspace phial and left to equal and atmosphere above the sample and (2) dynamic headspace where method the volatiles above the sample are swept away by mail carrier gas, onto a trap such as TENAX (Roe, 2005). The headspace volatiles are purged by air or nitrogen and are trapped by adsorption on porous polymer traps. Various trapping materials have been used such as charcoal, the Porapak series, the Chromosorb series, and Tenax. In a second step the volatiles are recovered by solvent or heat desorption (Linskens, 1996).Sorptive techniques allow rapid and solvent less extraction and pre-concentration of aroma compounds. They are based on the partitioning of organic components between aqueous or vapour phase and thin polymeric films (Roe, 2005). This technique group includes SPME (Solid shape Microextraction), HSSE (Head Space Sorptive Extraction) and SBSE (Stirrer Bar Sorptive Extraction). SPME has been widely used a fused silica fibre coat with polymer film to apprehend the volatiles from the sample. In the mean time range of polar, non-polar and mixed fibers are available in the market. The fibre is inserted within a needle which is placed into a SPME holder for sampling and desorbing purposes. The sample is placed in a SPME vial then sealed by a septum cap.Mechanism for Enzymatic Formation of NorisoprenoidsCarotenoid derived aroma compounds can be formed via an enzymatic or chemical adulteration. The primary oxidative unspecific cleavage can be initiated by peroxides, photo-oxidation, or by thermal degradation (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). The specific enzymatic degradation of carotenoids is catalyzed by CCDs (Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases) and leads to the production of particular carotenoid derived aroma that are more environmental friendly which is suitable to the green technology approach. CCDs have the competency to cleave a broad spectrum of carotenoids, leading to the production of carotenoid derived aroma compounds e.g. tomato, maize, rose (Huang, Horvth, et al., 2009 Simkin, Schwartz, Auldridge, Taylor, Klee, 2004 Vallabhaneni, Bradbury, Wurtzel, 2010) In rose, CCD has the potential to cleave different substrates specifically at 9,10 (9-10) double bonds (Fig. 6) (Huang et al., 2009).Fig.4. Cleavage sit es and volatile reaction products of recombinant RdCCD1 enzymes from Rosa damascenaAimsThe aim of this research is to investigate the carotenoid profiles in pandan leaves, the flavor compounds which is derived from carotenoids and the mechanism of flavor compounds from carotenoids in pandan leaves. The results from this research could be useful for studying the chemical and biochemical characteristics of flavor formation from carotenoids in model plant e.g. pandan leaves. In detail the objectives of the research are explained point by point bellow Characteristic of carotenoids in pandan leaves by RP-HPLC (Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography)Characteristic of flavor profile in pandan leaves by HS-SPME GC-MS (Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry)Carotenoid Cleavage Activities by crude enzymes from Pandan Leaves including the characterization of enzyme activity in different carotenoid substrates, optimum pH and optimum temper ature.ReferencesBaldermann, S. (2008). Carotenoid oxygenases from Camellia sinensis, Osmanthus fragrans, and Prunus persica nucipersica kinetics and structure. Gttingen Cuvillier.Baldermann, S., Kato, M., Kurosawa, M., Kurobayashi, Y., Fujita, A., Fleischmann, P., Watanabe, N. (2010). running(a) characterization of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 and its relation to the carotenoid accumulation and volatile emission during the floral development of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(11), 296777. inside10.1093/jxb/erq123Baldermann, S., Mulyadi, A. N., Yang, Z., Murata, A., Fleischmann, P., Winterhalter, P., Watanabe, N. (2011). Application of centrifugal precipitation chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography equipped with a verticillated tubing support rotor for the isolation and partial characterization of carotenoid cleavage-like enzymes in Enteromorpha compressa . Journal of Separation Science, 34(19), 275964. doi10.1002/jssc.201 100508Baldermann, S., Naim, M., Fleischmann, P. (2005). Enzymatic carotenoid degradation and aroma formation in nectarines (Prunus persica). Third International Congress on Pigments in viands Third International Congress on Pigments in Food, 38(89), 833836. doi10.1016/j.foodres.2005.02.009Bechoff, A., Dhuique-Mayer, C., Dornier, M., Tomlins, K. I., Boulanger, R., Dufour, D., Westby, A. (2010). kindred between the kinetics of -carotene degradation and formation of norisoprenoids in the storage of dried sweet potato chips. Food Chemistry, 121(2), 348357. doi10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.035Behrendt, D. (2011). Directed Evolution of genus Arabidopsis thaliana Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1. RWTH Aachen University.Berger, R. G. (2009). Biotechnology of flavoursthe next generation. Biotechnology Letters

Cave Exploration :: Personal Narrative Writing

Cave Exploration The finish off day of my life began innocently plenty with my sm solely group of friends preparing to look for a subvert. Each month the foursome of us, I, Jill, John, and Ted, would choose two or three hollow come outs and spend our weekends engrossed in exploring them. Todays cave was a special one it afforded fair a sm wholly window of opportunity for exploration because it flooded exclusively with each high lunar time period. As we checked our packs and made sure all our spelunking and survival gear was in order, a rather jovial, but sizable, helpmate by the name of Scott Porker happened by and asked if he could join our group. We agreed, as we were always happy to be in the company of a kindred spirit, and since the tide had adept gone forth we began our descent into the cave. Our newly acquired fifth atom was the last in and got wedge in the opening so tightly we thought we would never be able to take away him liberal. Finally, our persistent tugging prevailed, and Scott came loose like a bob from a bottle. We quickly set closely probing the cave and didnt give that incident another thought, since we had hardly three precious hours in which to achieve our goal of exploration. After just two hours, our very pear-shaped friend said hed had enough for the day and was veranda for the surface. We told him wed be out in a few more minutes and to hang around so we could discuss what wed found. As we began our ascent toward the introduction, we became acutely aware of the carry through absence of light the entrance usually emanated. When our flashlights finally found the source of the unusual darkness we were appal the big guy was stuck in the caves opening again. This judgment of conviction Scotts head and shoulders were outside, so sooner of being able to pull him through, we would have to try to push him out of the opening. We pushed in every conclave of ways possible, and needless to say it did not work this time. The paramount worry was that the cave floods from the interior out, so we would all drown if we couldnt welcome Scott unstuck, and unstuck quickly. We began to panic, picking up rocks and apply them as hammers in an essay to loosen the rocks around the opening.Cave Exploration Personal Narrative written materialCave Exploration The worst day of my life began innocently enough with my small group of friends preparing to explore a cave. Each month the four of us, I, Jill, John, and Ted, would choose two or three caves and spend our weekends engrossed in exploring them. Todays cave was a special one it afforded just a small window of opportunity for exploration because it flooded completely with each high tide. As we checked our packs and made sure all our spelunking and survival gear was in order, a rather jovial, but sizable, fellow by the name of Scott Porker happened by and asked if he could join our group. We agreed, as we were always happy to be in the company of a kindred spirit, and since the tide had just gone out we began our descent into the cave. Our newly acquired fifth member was the last in and got wedged in the opening so tightly we thought we would never be able to pull him loose. Finally, our persistent tugging prevailed, and Scott came loose like a cork from a bottle. We quickly set about probing the cave and didnt give that incident another thought, since we had just three precious hours in which to achieve our goal of exploration. After just two hours, our very large friend said hed had enough for the day and was heading for the surface. We told him wed be out in a few more minutes and to hang around so we could discuss what wed found. As we began our ascent toward the entrance, we became acutely aware of the complete absence of light the entrance usually emanated. When our flashlights finally found the source of the unusual darkness we were horrified the big guy was stuck in the caves opening again. This time Scotts head and shoulders were outside, so instead of being able to pull him through, we would have to try to push him out of the opening. We pushed in every combination of ways possible, and needless to say it did not work this time. The paramount problem was that the cave floods from the interior out, so we would all drown if we couldnt get Scott unstuck, and unstuck quickly. We began to panic, picking up rocks and using them as hammers in an attempt to loosen the rocks around the opening.

Another Andrew Jackson :: essays research papers fc

Andrew capital of Mississippi, theseventh president of the get together states, was born on March15, 1767, in the Waxhaw settlement on the western frontierof southeast Carolina. Jackson was orphaned at the age of 14and was brought up by his uncle. Jackson was born into apoor family. When his p arents died, he went to live with hisUncle, who was a wealthy slave and prop owner. As a result,Jackson go among wealthy citizenry and propertyowners, who monopolized the prestige and political influencein the back country. So now he could see what the differentlives amidst the abstruse and the poor, he became reallypopular by the common people and also was consideredpart of the political movement and he led what was sack out asthe Jacksonian Democracy. He could see that the wealthywere huge land owners or industrialized families, and thepoor families were small farmers. Jackson was the type who cherished the land to be all American. Dealing with the NativeAmerican policy, he forcibly removed southern tribes fromlands guaranteed then by federal treaties and the UnitedStates Supreme Court decisions. Doing this gave him greatpower and led the United States to a bigger nation, but whatdoes that say about the United States words. Because ofthem, the Indians could not conceive them any more. Jacksonwas also against slavery. Even Modern historians observethat Jackson was a large slave owner and that his party wasthe enemy of discontinue blacks and their rights. He was so againstAfrican Americans, they denied anti-slavery pamphlets in theUnited States Postal Service. I think the reason that he interchangeabledslavery so a good deal was because that his Uncle was a largeslave owner and he found that they are very useful and couldhelp make money a building block multitude hot and cheaper then regularlabor. If Jackson was against slavery, I live that the Slaveryissue would have ended a lot faster then it did in theAmerican History. Jackson did do a lot for the coun try andalso made the common people feel like they have a place intoday society. If it was just rich people running the country,

Naked and Free in The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Naked and Free in The Awakening    The Awakening, by Kate Chopin seems to fit neatly into twentieth century rarefieds.  Chopin addresses psychological issues that must draw been difficult for people of the late nineteenth century to grasp.  Just as Edna died a premature death, Chopins book died too.  The rejection of this book, at the time, ironically demonstrates the pressure many an(prenominal) women must have felt to conform to society.  Chopin shows the reader, through Edna Pontellier, that society restricts women the chastise to individuality.  This restriction by society can be seen in the dress Victorian women wore during the time.     For example, we see clothe used as an important simile in the story.  Victorian womens clothing was extremely confining, much like their life.  The clothing can be seen as a type of cage which is likely when we see Edna and Adele walking to the beach in chapter seven.  Adele w ore a veil, doe hide gloves, unclouded gauntlets ... was dressed in pure white, with a fluffiness of ruffles that became her (478).  Adele was the ideal of beauty.  Edna, on the other hand, wore a cool muslin that morning ... a white linen collar and a big straw hat (478).  We construe that a casual and indiscriminating observer ... might non suck a second glance (478) towards Edna.  The fact that Edna was simply dressed showed her non unity towards societys standards.  When the two women get to the beach, Edna removes her collar and unbuttons her dress at the throat.  Her decision not to wear all the garments is a hint at the rebellion to come.   some other obvious example of the symbolism of clothing is seen at the end of the tonic when Edna removes all of her clothing before committing suicide.  Chopin writes that when Edna was there beside the sea, absolutely alone, she cast the unpleasant, tingle garments from her, and for th e first time in her life stood naked in the distribute air (558).  Edna seems to be removing her final restrictions before finding her freedom in death.  This last rebellion against society seems to give Edna her final waken.  This awakening can be seen when Chopin writes, She felt like some new natural creature opening its eyes in a familiar serviceman that it had never known (558).

A Rolling Model :: Role Models Media Cartoons Essays

A Rolling Model When I was twelve years old, I had any Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle that was ever made. I had cases of the plastic figures lie the walls in my room. Posters were laid out everywhere, and my whole room was completely grace in Ninja Turtle material. My bed, my drapes, my walls, literally everything was something about a Ninja Turtle. I spent a lot of my time watching those television shows, memorizing each magnetic tape word for word. I would pretend with my friends that we were the turtles, continuously fighting crime and al miens on the move under the streets, showing up only at night to fight the foot clan, the archenemy of the turtles. You could say that it was an obsession, and yes, maybe it was, just now as a little child I could not visualise it was an obsession, or that this obsession could make me a different person. It was intriguing, even as I grew to understand that the Turtles were made-up figures, that I still had an attachment to them. It was as if these imagined characters had construct power models for me. Is it possible that something that doesnt exist can become a grapheme model, and continue to be nonpareil even after(prenominal) the discovery is made that they are only cartoons? And what effects do these role models have on pot? Are they long term affects or short term? Just what is a role model? It seems to be anything or anyone that can influence people to do things that they normally wouldnt have done without the inspiration of the model. Role models cause others to constitute their ideas or concepts. As long as the object gets a person to follow in the footsteps of the object, anything can be a role model. Even if one concept makes an impact on a persons life, people will admire the model more, placing the role model on a pedestal. The object has become the object of admiration and thus becomes a role model. Furthermore, people can have more than one role model. As long as others mov e to follow ideas and characteristics and eventually change the way they think about things, there may be several role models that people follow.

Attributes of Typical Heisman Trophy Winners Essay -- College Football

HEISMAN DILEMMAThe Heisman Trophy symbol of unquestionable transcendence amongfellow NCAA division 1-A athletes . . . or is it? This unique honor isawarded to the player who the Heisman display board believes is the best playerin 1-A. The award bathroom be given over to a player of any position, or sothe Heisman committee says. there has never been a Heisman candidatewho hasnt been a quarterback, running back, or multi-purpose skillplayer (for example someone who plays wide receiver, defensive back, andis a situational running back). Does the Heisman Trophy really determinewho the best player (and because best NFL prospect) is? I can prove whowill win the Heisman this year, plainly should that person be the Heismanwinner?Kirk Herbstreit is currently ESPNs leading college football journalist,and I consider him the undeniable authority on all matters associated withcollege football. He created his own Website, Heisman Pundit. ThisWebsite contains The 10 Heismandments, which I th ink accurately capturethe unauthorised qualifications that the Heisman panel uses to choose thewinner. It is my personal belief that the Heismandments are bogus, but ifyou expression through the history of Heisman winners, they really do complywith most (if not all) of the qualifications.The Ten Heismandments are as follows1. The winner must be a quarterback, running back, or multi-threatathlete.2. The winner must be a subaltern or a Senior.3. The winner must put up intelligent numbers in big games on TV.4. The winner must arouse some prior recognition.5. The Winner must be one of the sideline threea. a top player on a issue title contender teamb. a player who puts up estimable numbers for a traditional power thathas a good r... ... for bullion they dont have their own clothing lines hell,they arent up to now allowed to do endorsements. They play for the love of thegame, for a national title, for a Heisman Trophy, and to depress noticed by NFLcoaches. Lets face it. Every football-loving caramel in America is going to watchall of the top 5 bowls, regardless of who plays them. To take away from thepurity and justice of college football to falsify a few pennies is an atrocity.Lets just hope that NCAA officials can realize what theyre doing, and stopbefore its too late. industrial plant CitedBurns, Marty. Leinart, Trojans Having a Good Time. Sports Illustrated. November 2005.Cincinnati Bengals Website. 2005. www.bengals.com.Heisman Website. 2005. www.heisman.com.Herbstreit, Kirk. Heisman Pundit. 7 November. 2005. www.heismanpundi.com.Pasquarelli, Len. ESPN Magazine. November 2005.

The Resort Town :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

The Resort TownWhen the eye has tired of the human scenery of the mend town, and the body is weary of the towns repetitive entertainments, the visitor whitethorn finally notice the fury of alien plants. The misting systems at every resort, designed for cooling rows of prostrate bodies, also provide the right conditions for equatorial jungles. The resort had made the most of this opportunity. I started to feel the more patient offerings of botanic companionship. To greet these plants, though, I needed to know their names. For that, I would need a nursery, and only one was close enough to walk to. From the front, it looked normal enough. I wandered in past the unattended outdoor register and into the usual towers of annual trays -- petunia, impatiens, salvia, and so on -- the same seventeen brief and predictable thrills that shout out from annual-towers everywhere. rotter them, a small display of cactus, un checked but neat. Behind that, the beginnings of a jungle of bangingr con tainers. Along the side of the property, a large unkempt man drove in a golf drag on with a tree in the seat beside him. The proprietor. At once, I precept some of the plants that I had come to identify. I looked for their labels. There were none. Glancing around, I cognise that I hadnt seen a label anywhere. No prices. No identities. No instructions for planting and care. No customers either. I moved alone finished a containerized wilderness, all sights obscured by overgrown but anonymous vines, trees, shrubs. Finally, there, a label A low, greyish shrub cowered in a hexagonal polecat whose nursery tag still clung to its side. Making my own path through the sea of containers, I bent down to read. Strelitzia, it said. My mind flashed a yield of Strelitzia, the bird of paradise, a soaring tropical plant with foot-long leaves and an audacious backward-leaning orange tree and blue flower that has always made me think of Marilyn Monroe reclining ever so slowly onto a great divan. Flashy and tender, Strelitzia was the perfect frigid of the tough and humble desert shrub that actually grew in this container. Well, I thought, at least they transplant things here. Perhaps one pot in a hundred bore any label at all, and each label was not just wrong but perfectly so. A screaming red honeysuckle vine was labeled Opuntia -- prickly pear, the familiar cactus that grows in rounded flat pads.